Inayiloni ingelinye lamathuba ambalwa esikhala semakethe asemakhulu, izinga lokukhula kwendawo yemakethe yaseChina kulindeleke ukuthi libe ngaphezu kwezinto ezinamadijithi amabili.Ngokwezilinganiso, inayiloni kuphela 66 kuya 2025 isidingo kuzwelonke okulindeleke ukuba sifinyelele 1.32 million amathani, 2021-2025 minyaka yonke compound ukukhula rate of 25%;kuya ku-2030 isidingo sikazwelonke sizoba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.88, izinga lokukhula kwenhlanganisela yonyaka ka-2026-2030 lika-17%.Ngaphezu kwalokho, imakethe yamanayiloni akhethekile, njengenayiloni 12, inayiloni 5X namanayiloni anuka kamnandi, kulindeleke ukuthi iphindeke kabili, noma izuze impumelelo isuka ku-0 iye ku-1.

Umkhakha wezingubo

Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala okukhulu kwenayiloni kwakungamasokisi kasilika enayiloni.Amapheya angama-75,000 esitokisi ahlwithwa ngosuku olulodwa ngenkathi iqoqo lokuqala lamasokisi enayiloni akhiqizwa ngobuningi bethulwa ngoMeyi 15, 1940. Kuthengiswa ngo-$1.50 ipheya, okulingana no-$20 ipheya namuhla.Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukufika kwe-hosiery enayiloni kwaholela ekushayweni okukhulu kokuthunyelwa kukasilika waseJapane e-United States futhi kwaba esinye sezingqalabutho zempi yaseJapane ne-United States eMpini Yezwe II.Kusukela lapho imikhiqizo yenayiloni ibilokhu idumile kubathengi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kwakudala kanye nenani elihle lemali.Namuhla, izinga lokuphila liyakhuphuka, kodwa inayiloni isathatha indawo enkulu embonini yezingubo.Uhlobo lokunethezeka lwe-PRADA luthanda inayiloni ikakhulukazi, umkhiqizo wokuqala wenayiloni wazalwa ngo-1984, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 yokuhlola, nomphumela wawo oqinile womkhiqizo, imikhiqizo yochungechunge lwenayiloni isiphenduke ilebula layo lemfashini, elithakazelelwa kakhulu yimboni yezemfashini. .Njengamanje, imikhiqizo yenayiloni ye-PRADA ihlanganisa lonke uhla lwezicathulo, izikhwama nezimpahla zokugqoka, futhi sekuqaliswe amaqoqo okuklama amane, athandwa kakhulu ama-fashionistas nabathengi.Lo mkhuba wemfashini uletha inzuzo ezuzisayo, evame ukuholela ezinkampanini eziningi eziphakeme nezisezingeni eliphakathi ukuze zithuthukise futhi zilingise, okuzoletha igagasi elisha le-nylon emkhakheni wezingubo.Inayiloni yomdabu njengesambatho, naphezu kobuhle bayo obugqoke kanzima, ibe nengxenye yayo yokugxekwa.Ngesinye isikhathi amasokisi enayiloni ayaziwa nangokuthi "amasokisi anukayo", ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungenwa kahle kwamanzi enayiloni.Isixazululo samanje ukuhlanganisa inayiloni neminye imicu yamakhemikhali ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumuncwa nokunethezeka.Inayiloni entsha i-PA56 imunca kakhulu futhi inokuhlangenwe nakho kokugqoka okungcono njengengubo.

Ezokuthutha

Ezweni lanamuhla lokuncishiswa kwekhabhoni kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola, bayanda abakhiqizi bezimoto abenza ukwehlisa isisindo kube imfuneko eyisisekelo yokuklama imoto.Njengamanje, isilinganiso senani lepulasitiki elisetshenziswa emotweni ngayinye emazweni athuthukile lingu-140-160kg, kanti inayiloni iyipulasitiki ebaluleke kakhulu yezimoto, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa amandla, izingxenye ze-chassis kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo, ezibalelwa ku-20% wepulasitiki yonke yemoto. .Thatha injini ngokwesibonelo, umehluko wokushisa ozungeze uhla lwenjini yemoto yendabuko ukuya ku--40 kuya ku-140 ℃, ukukhetha ukumelana nokushisa kwesikhathi eside kwenayiloni, kodwa futhi ingadlala i-lightweight, ukunciphisa izindleko, ukuncishiswa komsindo nokudlidliza neminye imiphumela. .

Ngo-2017, isilinganiso senaniloni esisetshenziswa imoto ngayinye eShayina sasicishe sibe ngu-8kg, nenani lisalele emuva kakhulu kwesilinganiso somhlaba wonke esingu-28-32kg;kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2025, isilinganiso sempahla enayiloni esetshenziswa imoto ngayinye eChina kulindeleke ukuthi senyuke sifinyelele ku-15kg, kanti ngokweAutomotive Industry Association, kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2025, iChina ikhiqize izimoto ezingu-30 million, kanti Inani lempahla enayiloni elisetshenziselwa izimoto lizofinyelela kumathani angaba ngu-500,000.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto zendabuko, isidingo samapulasitiki ezimotweni zikagesi sikhulu kakhulu.Ngokusho kocwaningo lwe-Electric Vehicle Network, kuwo wonke ama-100kg wokunciphisa isisindo emotweni, ububanzi bezimoto zikagesi bunganyuswa ngo-6% -11%.Isisindo sebhethri naso siyaphikisana nobubanzi, futhi sinqunyelwe ubuchwepheshe bebhethri.Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi kanye nebhethri bayisidingo esinamandla kakhulu sokunciphisa isisindo.Thatha i-Tesla njengesibonelo, iphakethe lebhethri le-Tesla ModelS lenziwe ngamabhethri e-lithium angu-7104 18650, isisindo sephakethe lebhethri licishe libe ngu-700 kg, libalwa cishe ingxenye yesisindo semoto yonke, okuyicala elivikelayo lebhethri. iphakethe isisindo 125 kg.I-Model 3, nokho, inciphisa isisindo semoto ngaphezu kuka-67 kg ngokusebenzisa imikhiqizo yepulasitiki yezingxenye zikagesi kanye nesakhiwo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinjini zezimoto zendabuko zidinga ukuthi amapulasitiki angakwazi ukumelana nokushisa, kuyilapho izimoto zikagesi zikhathazeke kakhulu ngokumelana nomlilo.Unalezi zici engqondweni, inayiloni ngokungangabazeki iyipulasitiki enhle kakhulu yezimoto zikagesi.Ngo-2019 i-LANXESS ithuthukise uhla lwezinto ze-PA (Durethan) kanye ne-PBT (Pocan) ikakhulukazi amabhethri e-lithium-ion, ama-powertrains kagesi kanye nokusetha ukushaja.

Ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi iphakethe ngalinye lebhethri lemoto yamandla entsha lidinga cishe u-30 kg wamapulasitiki obunjiniyela, kulindeleke ukuthi kudingeke amathani angu-360,000 amapulasitiki kumaphakethe ebhethri kuphela ngo-2025. Inayiloni, esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni ezivamile, ingaqhubeka kukhanye ezimotweni zamandla amasha ngemva kokushintshwa ngezinqamuleli zomlilo.

Izimo ezintsha

Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuwubuchwepheshe be-prototyping obusheshayo, obufana nesimiso sokuphrinta okuvamile, ngokufunda ukwaziswa okuhlukene okuvela efayeleni nokuphrinta nokunamathisela lezi zigaba ndawonye ungqimba ngongqimba ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ukuze kwakhiwe okuqinile, okungakhiwa cishe noma yikuphi. umumo.Ukuphrinta kwe-3D yesikhathi esizayo kugcine izinga eliphezulu lokukhula kusukela kukhiqizwa.Enhliziyweni yokuphrinta kwe-3D kukhona izinto zokwakha.Inayiloni ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphrinta ze-3D ngenxa yokumelana nokuhuzuka, ukuqina, amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina.Ekuphrinteni kwe-3D, inayiloni ifaneleka kahle kuma-prototypes nezingxenye ezisebenzayo ezifana namagiya namathuluzi.Inayiloni inezinga eliphezulu lokuqina nokuguquguquka.Izingxenye ziyavumelana nezimo lapho zinyatheliswa ngezindonga ezincane futhi ziqinile lapho zinyatheliswa ngezindonga eziwugqinsi.Ilungele ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezinjengamahinge anyakazayo anezingxenye eziqinile namalunga aguqukayo.Njengoba inayiloni i-hygroscopic, izingxenye zingafakwa umbala kalula okugeza okudayi.

NgoJanuwari 2019, u-Evonik wenza into enayiloni (i-TrogamidmyCX) equkethe ama-aliphatic akhethekile nama-alicyclic monomers.Ibonisa ngale, imelana ne-UV, futhi inezinto ezinhle zokucutshungulwa ezinokungafihli okungaphezu kuka-90% kanye nokuminyana okuphansi njengo-1.03 g/cm3, kanye nokumelana nokuhuzuka nokuqina.Uma kuziwa ezintweni ezibonakalayo, i-PC, i-PS kanye ne-PMMA kwasekuqaleni kuyafika engqondweni, kodwa manje i-Amorphous PA ingenza okufanayo, futhi ngokumelana okungcono kwamakhemikhali nokuqina, ingasetshenziselwa amalensi athuthukile, ama-ski visors, izibuko, njll.